Sunday, November 11, 2012

- YITZCHAK AVINU - TOLDOS

The Torah devotes three parshios to Avraham Avinu and Yaakov Avinu. In contrast, only parshas Toldos focuses on Yitzchak Avinu. And even in this parsha, there is only one story which involves Yitzchak and no other Av; the story of his time living in Gerar, the land of the Phlishtim. Yitchak is forced by a famine to move to Gerar where he says that his wife, Rivka, is his sister, like his father had done many years earlier. Then the Torah goes to considerable length describing how the Plishtim sealed wells that Avraham had dug, and how Yitzchak re-dug them. He endures considerable hostility from the native Plishtim and finally makes a treaty with their King, Avimelech. On superficial analysis it is very difficult to derive any significant lessons from this story, but in truth, it provides the key to understanding Yitzchak Avinu. The most striking aspect of Yitzchak’s actions is that they very closely followed those of his father. When there was a famine in Avraham’s time he headed for Mitzrayim; Yitzchak planned to do the same thing until Hashem told him not to leave Eretz Yisroel. Then he returned to the wells that his father had dug but were now sealed and he dug them again, and called them the same names that his father had called them . Rabbeinu Bachya statest that from Yitzchak’s actions here, we derive the concept of mesoras avos, following in the traditions of our fathers for all future generations of the Jewish people. Yitzchak did not want to veer one inch from the path trodden by his father. Rav Mattisyahu Salomon Shlita explains Yitzchak’s role among the Avos: Avraham was the trailblazer; he set the precedents and established the guideposts. Yitzchak’s avoda was to consolidate everything that his father had done, to follow precisely in his father’s footsteps and thereby establish for all future generations the primacy of mesora. Yitzchak’s life work was not to seek new ways and new paths but to follow faithfully on the path trodden by his father. Therefore, when a famine comes to the land, he immediately thinks of going to Mitzrayim because his father did so. And when he comes to Gerar he digs the same wells and gives them the same names that Avraham had given them . However, there is another key aspect to Yizchak Avinu that seems to contradict the idea that he followed his father in every way: Chazal tell us that they possessed very different personalities; Avraham epitomizes midos hachesed, overflowing with kindness to everyone. Yitzchak, in contrast, is characterized by midos hadin and gevura. Indeed, a great part of his greatness is the fact that he was not a mere clone of his father; this is illustrated by Chazal’s explanation of why Yitzchak’s tefillas for children were answered before those of Rivka. The Gemara, quoted by Rashi, tells us that there is no comparison between the tefillos of a tzaddik ben tzaddik to those of a tzaddik ben rasha . This is very difficult to understand, a person who overcomes their negative upbringing to become righteous seems to be deserve greater merit than one who is born into a righteous family. The answer is that a tzadik ben tzadik faces an even more difficult challenge - not to become a carbon copy of his father. Avraham was the greatest role model a person could have, and it would have been natural for Yitzchak to try to emulate his father’s every action. However, Yitzchak did not content himself with that; he forged his own path toward Avodas Hashem. We have seen that on the one hand, Yitzchak represents the mesora, not deviating from the path that his father had set. And, on the other hand, he possessed a totally different character to his father! How can we resolve these two aspects of Yitzchak? In reality there is clearly no contradiction here; All Jews are born into a line of tradition that goes back to Avraham Avinu; we are obligated to faithfully adhere to the instructions and attitudes that we receive from this line of mesora. A person cannot mechadesh his own set of values or hanhagos; there is a mesora that guides him how to live his life. But, at the same time, this does not mean that each person in the chain of mesora is identical in every way - there are many ways in which a person can express himself in the fulfillment of the mesora. The Chofetz Chaim zt”l asks why the Torah emphasizes that the Etz HaHcahim was davke in the middle (‘besoch’) of Gan Eden. He answers that there is one central point of truth but that there are numerous points surrounding it, each one standing at an equal distant from the centre. So too, there are many different approaches to Judaism that emphasize different areas and different character traits. However, as long as they remain within the boundaries of the mesora, then they are all of equal validity . There was one Yeshiva in particular that stressed the idea that each person should not be forced into one specific mold - Slobodka. The Alter of Slobodka placed great stress on the uniqueness of each individual. He was very weary of employing highly charismatic teachers in his yeshiva for fear that they would overwhelm their students with their sheer force of personality . Rav Yerucham Levovitz zt”l, the great Mashgiach of the Mirrer Yeshiva, once visited the Alter. On the first day of his visit, the Alter reproved him so vehemently that the whole Yeshiva could hear the shouts from closed doors. This reproof continued day after day for nearly a week. What had upset the Alter? He felt that Reb Yerucham was so charismatic that he was turning the Mirrer bochrim into his ‘Cossacks’ - each one in Reb Yerucham’s image - rather than allowing each to develop their own unique expression . Reb Yaakov adopted a similar approach in the area of hashkafa - he felt that if a person had a tendency towards a certain valid stream of Torah then he should not be prevented from looking into it even if it contrasted the traditional outlook adopted by his family. A family close to Reb Yaakov was shocked when the youngest of their seven sons informed them that he wanted to be a Skverer Chassid. They went together with the boy to Reb Yaakov expecting him to convince their son that boys from proper German-Jewish families do not become Chassidim. To their surprise, Reb Yaakov spent his time assuring them that it was not a reflection on them that their son wanted to follow a different path of Avodas Hashem. Obviously, their son had certain emotional needs which, he felt, could be filled by becoming a chassid and they should honor those feelings. Reb Yaakov even recommended a step more radical than even the parents were willing to consider - sending the boy to a Skverer Yeshiva ! The idea that there are many different valid ways for an observant Jews to express himself is relevant to many areas of our lives, including development of character traits, limud haTorah and hashkafa: There is a tendency in many societies for certain character traits to gain more praise than others. For example, being outgoing and confident is often seen as very positive, whilst being shy and retiring is often viewed in a negative light. An extroverted parent who has a more introverted child may be inclined to see his child’s quiet nature as a character flaw and try to pressure him to change his ways. However, the likelihood is that this will only succeed in making him feel inadequate. It is the parent’s avoda to accept that his child may be different from him, accept him for who he is and work with his strengths. Similarly a child may find it difficult to sit for long periods of time and focus on learning. If a parent or teacher places too great a pressure on the child to learn constantly, then it is likely that when he grows up he will rebel . Even within the curriculum of learning a person may feel unsatisfied if he only learns Gemara all day long. Many people enjoy exploring other areas of Torah such as Navi, hashkafa and mussar. It may be advisable (with Rabbinic guidance) to encourage one’s children or talmidim with such leanings to learn these areas instead of making them feel inadequate for not learning Gemara to the exclusion of everything else . And as we have seen from the story with Reb Yaakov, there is no need to be afraid if one’s child or talmid chooses to express his Yiddishkeit in a different way from his parents. It should be noted that whilst chinch habanim is the area most effected by this message, it also applies greatly to our own Avodas Hashem. We too may experience feelings of inadequacy in some area of our lives because we do not ‘fit in’ with the consensus of the society that we live in. However, sometimes, we may be able to find more satisfaction in our Avodas Hashem, midos or learning, if we allow ourselves to express our strengths. Of course this should be done with guidance and strict adherence to the mesora. How important is it that a person be encouraged to express his individuality in Torah? We said earlier that the Yeshiva that most stressed this idea was Slobodka. If one were to look at the products of all the great Yeshivas he will see that Slobodka produced a great number of Gedolim . And what is striking about these great people is how different they were from each other. By stressing the uniqueness of each individual the Alter was able to bring the best out of each of his talmidim. If we can emulate him then we have a far greater chance of giving ourselves, our children and our students happier and more successful lives.

USING STRENGTH IN THE RIGHT WAY - TOLDOS

"And Yitzchak loved Esav for game was in his mouth, but Rivka loved Yaakov.” One of the most difficult aspects of Parshas Toldos is Yitzchak Avinu’s preference for Esav over Yaakov Avinu. How could such a great man as Yitzchak believe that Esav was virtuous and more fitting to receive the blessings than his righteous brother? The Be’er Yosef offers an interesting approach to these issues. He explains that there are two types of righteous people. One is a person whose natural character traits are very refined and pure. The other, is one whose natural tendencies are negative, and therefore has to work hard to overcome his yetser hara (evil inclination). He quotes the Yaavetz, who states that the person whose natural inclination is negative is greater. He explains further that Yitzchak believed both his sons were tzaddikim (righteous), however, he saw that Yaakov was the kind of tzaddik who is born with a natural leaning to good character traits, whereas, Esav was an example of a tzaddik who had to overcome his yetser hara. Yitzchak’s mistake was that he believed Esav had successfully overcome his natural tendencies, where in truth, they had overcome him, driving him on a course of destruction. How could Yitzchak be blind to Esav’s true character? The Be’er Yosef continues that Yitzchak recognized that Esav was born with the sign of redness, which the gemara tells us is an indication of a bloodthirsty nature. The gemara says that one who is born with this mazal will direct his energies to some form of activity related to spilling blood. If he applies it in a negative way, he will be a thief, however if he directs it positively he will be a shochet or a mohel . Esav became a hunter which the Be’er Yosef equates with a shochet. Yitzchak viewed this as being Esav’s way of channeling his violent tendencies to a positive use. Moreover, he used his hunting to fulfill the Mitzvo of honoring one’s father, by providing Yitzchak with food. In this way, Yitzchak believed that Esav had reached a level of righteousness that was greater than that of Yaakov. He saw that Yaakov’s natural leanings were towards righteousness, therefore Yaakov was less meritorious than Esav, whom, Yitzchak believed, had overcome his yetser hara to become a tzaddik. It is possible to further develop this idea that Yitzchak preferred to Esav’s perceived form of righteousness. It is well-known that each of the Avos (Forefathers) excelled in one particular character trait. Avraham’s trait was chessed, Yitzchak’s was gevura (strength) , and that of Yaakov was emes (truth). The sefarim hakedoshim explain that both Avraham and Yitzchak bore sons who also had a leaning to the same trait as them, however, they misused that trait, and therefore it became expressed in a negative way. Yishmael epitomized misuse of the trait of chessed , whereas Esav personified the misapplication of gevura. It is instructive to analyze more deeply, the positive aspect of gevura embodied by Yitzchak, and contrast it to its negative application by Esav. Yitzchak exercised great internal strength throughout his life. His strength was in his ability to conquer any negative inclinations that he may have had, and to nullify his own selfish desires and needs. This resulted in a great level of self-discipline and pure Avodas HaShem whereby Yitzchak’s whole being was fulfilled solely to fulfilling HaShem’s will. Yitzchak saw in Esav the potential to also excel in this trait, and perhaps even to develop it further than Yitzchak could. As the Be’er Yosef explained, Yitzchak saw that Esav had powerful inclinations driving him towards evil, however he felt that if Esav used his natural gevura in the correct way, he could excel greatly in that trait. However, Yitzchak did not realize that Esav directed his gevura for selfish purposes. Instead of utilizing it in the correct way, by controlling himself, Esav used it to control others. Rather than expressing his power through self-discipline, he did it through dominating and overpowering other people. This is most obviously apparent in his profession of hunting, which involved overcoming mighty animals. Moreover, Rashi tells us that Esav was a murderer. Needless to say, Esav paid no heed to strengthening himself internally to control himself, rather Chazal tell us that he was extremely immoral. Esav’s descendants, in particular, the Romans, emulated Esav in their misuse of the trait of gevura. They were a nation bent on conquering the world for the sake of having immense power. Moreover, like Esav, they had absolutely no interest in the internal strength that involved self-control, rather they were extremely immoral in their lifestyle. It seems that Western, society which is described as being the spiritual descendant of Esav, also attributes great importance to external power, such as the ability to influence other people through one’s wealth. Moreover there is almost no emphasis on self-control; instead, many people’s goals in life involve attaining as much power and personal pleasure as possible. We have seen how Yitzchak Avinu excelled in the trait of gevura, and that he believed that his son Esav could also exercise this trait to overcome his natural inclinations. However, Esav chose to use his gevura to further his own desires and dominate others. The Torah outlook clearly emphasizes the value of self-control, and deemphasizes the importance of external power. This is most clearly demonstrated in the Mishna in Avos. “Who is strong? He who subdues his inclination, as it says, ‘He who is slow to anger is better than the strong man, and a master of passions is better than a conqueror of a city.” We learn from here that the strength that the Torah acclaims is that which Yitzchak excelled in – overcoming one’s natural inclinations in order to do HaShem’s will. This form of power, the Mishna tells us, is what we should aspire to. It is true that just as the Avos made particular emphasis on one particular trait, so too each person naturally leans to one such trait. Nevertheless, it is also clear that no matter what one’s natural inclination is, each person needs to express all these traits at some points. Thus, each person must apply the lessons with regard to gevura to his own life. We see from the contrast between Esav and Yitzchak, that one must be very careful to express the trait of gevura in the correct way. It is far easier to apply it in the wrong fashion, using it to dominate or control other people. It is far more difficult, but ultimately far more rewarding, to control oneself. A person who dominates others will still feel himself a slave to his passions, and satisfying these passions will never provide him with true contentment. Whereas, one who has true self-control of himself, can be free to express himself in the optimum fashion. May we all merit to achieve true gevura..

תולדות – מקורה של ברכה יהונתן גפן

בס"ד תולדות – מקורה של ברכה יהונתן גפן כאשר משתלט הרעב על ארץ ישראל, מתכנן יצחק אבינו לרדת למצרים. אולם הקב"ה מצווה עליו להישאר בארץ ישראל וללכת אל הפלישתים, הקב"ה מברך אותו בברכה גדולה: "והרביתי את-זרעך ככוכבי השמים ונתתי לזרעך את כל-הארצת האל והתברכו בזרעך כל גויי הארץ. עקב אשר-שמע אברהם בקלי וישמר משמרתי מצו‍תי חקותי ותורתי" דעות המפרשים חלוקות בפירוש המילה "משמרתי" בה משתמשת התורה לתאר את צדקותו של אברהם אבינו. ה"ספורנו" מפרש מילה זו בצורה מחודשת; הוא כותב שהכוונה היא שאברהם 'עשה תמיד המשמרת המיוחדת לי, שהיא לגמל חסד' בכך משבח הקב"ה את אברהם על היותו דבק כל כך במידתו של הקב"ה – מידת החסד. כל היסוד של בריאת העולם על ידי הקב"ה הינו חסד, אברהם התחקה אחר מידה יקרה זו של הקב"ה ופעל בעשיית חסד באופן הנעלה ביותר – הוא העניק לבני דורו את ההזדמנות להתקרב אל בוראם. ה"ספורנו" ממשיך באותו קטע לבאר קושיה חזקה הקיימת בפסוק זה: בשני מקומות בפרשה ה' מברך את יצחק, אולם – אך ורק בזכותו של אברהם. הפעם הראשונה היא בפסוק שהבאנו, והשניה היא לאחר סיום המעשה עם אבימלך בפלישתים; "" - כל זאת בניגוד לברכותיהם של אברהם ויעקב שתמיד התברכו בזכות עצמם ולא בזכות אבותיהם. הספורנו מסביר כי גם אברהם וגם יעקב היו מלמדים אחרים החל משלב מוקדם מאד בחייהם. מעשיו של אברהם ידועים הם, הספורנו כותב כי יעקב לימד אנשים שבאו לישיבת שם ועבר . ולכן ברכותיהם של אברהם ויעקב היו בזכות מעשיהם בימי חייהם. לעומתם יצחק לא פרסם בעולם את שם ה' עד כה, וכתוצאה מכך לא זכה להתברך בזכות מעשיו הוא. יצחק קיבל ברכה בזכות עצמו אך ורק לאחר שלמד ממעשי אביו וכן קרא בשם ה': "" , ומיד לאחר מכן, מופיע אבימלך על מנת לכרות עמו ברית שלום, והוא מסיים את דבריו בקראו ליצחק "" , זוהי הנקודה, כותב הספורנו, בה יצחק מתברך בזכות עצמו. הרב אלישיב שליט"א מעיר ומדגיש את המשתמע מפירוש זה של הספורנו. יצחק אבינו היה אחד משלושת האבות, הוא היה מוכן למסור את נפשו למען ציווי ה' בעקידה, קדושתו מגיעה עד כדי כך שאין הוא רשאי לצאת מארץ ישראל. למרות כל זאת, נראה מהפסוקים אודותיו כאילו אין לו כל זכות עד אשר יקרא בשם ה'! וכך כותב הר' אלישיב: " מכאן רואים את הזכות העצומה והשכר הגדול שמגיע לאדם המפרסם את שם ה' בעולם". עדיין יש צורך להבין כיצד צדקותו העצומה של יצחק לא הספיקה לו כדי שיתברך בזכות עצמו, עד אשר הוא פרסם את שם ה' בעולם. ר' חיים וולוז'ין זצ"ל מסביר ש"ברכה" משמעותה ריבוי – ומטרתה של הברכה היא להשפיע גדילה, ריבוי או המשך טוב במתברך. על פי זה, מסביר מורי ורבי ר' יצחק ברקוביץ שליט"א שאדם ראוי לקבלת ברכה של ריבוי אך ורק אם אף הוא תורם לריבוי והמשכת טוב בעולם בכך שגורם לאחרים ללכת בדרך התורה. בהתאם לכך, על אף כל מעשיו הגדולים, יצחק קיבל ברכה בזכות עצמו – רק כאשר הוא בעצמו תרם לעלייתם של אחרים וגרם שילכו בדרך התורה. השאלה שנותרה היא מדוע לא קרא יצחק בשם ה' עד לאותו שלב של בניית המזבח. הר' אליישיב מסביר שכיוון שאביו של יצחק כבר פרסם את שם ה' בעולם, לא היה צורך שגם יצחק יעשה זאת. אולם, כותב הר' אלישיב, ניתן לראות מכך עד כמה גדול הוא השכר שקיבל יצחק ממעשה זה למרות שאביו כבר עשה זאת. לומדים מכאן לימוד גדול ומשמעותי ביותר לימינו אנו - העובדה שישנם אנשים המקדישים את זמנם ומרצם להגדיל תורה ולהאדירה אינה פוטרת אף אדם אחר מלתת את תרומתו הוא בנושא זה – בכל דרך שהיא. אדם עלול לטעון שאנשים רבים כבר עוסקים במלאכת קודש זו והוא אינו צריך לעשות זאת. הבעיה בטענה זו היא כפולה: ראשית ראינו מהספורנו שאדם מחויב להיות קשור ומעורב בקירוב אנשים לבורא – למען טובתו האישית וכדי שיהיה ראוי לברכה. ושנית – מספר האנשים העוסקים בקירוב רחוקים (כולל העוסקים בקירוב בחלק מזמנם כגון הקדשת מספר שעות לימוד בשבוע עם אדם המתקרב ליהדות, או אירוח יהודים רחוקים לשבתות) הוא זעום ביותר ביחס למספרם של היהודים שאינם שומרים תורה ומצוות, אשר מליונים מתוכם אובדים לעם היהודי . הדרך היחידה לעצור נחשול גאה וכואב זה היא אם כל יהודי יקבל על עצמו להקדיש מזמנו לקירוב רחוקים. ואכן, עובדה ידועה היא שהגדולים הורו לכל בן תורה לתרום מזמנו היקר על מנת לקרב יהודים רחוקים: הרב משה פיינשטיין זצ"ל הוציא "קול קורא" לבני ישיבה בשנת 1973 שם הוא מתאר כיצד משה רבנו לא רצה בתחילה להנהיג את עם ישראל. אולם, כאשר היה ברור לו שאין עוד אף אחד מלבדו שמתאים לתפקיד זה, הוא לקח על עצמו את התפקיד ביתר שאת. וכך כתב: "כשם שנענה משה רבנו לבקשתו של ה', כשאמר לו שהוא מחויב, כיון שאין מישהו אחר, כך בדיוק מחויבים תלמידי הישיבה... אין אף אחד אחר שמתאים ומוכשר לתפקיד זה... בתנאים ונסיבות כאלה, חייבים להמעיט מלימוד התורה הפרטי"(תרגום חפשי) הוא קובע כי "כמו במצות הצדקה, בה מחויב אדם לתת מעשר מהכנסותיו לעניים, כך חייב אדם לתת מעשר מזמנו, על מנת לקרב אחרים לתורה. כל אדם נהנה מגדולים ממנו, המאצילים עליו ותורמים לו, וכך בדיוק עליו לתת ולתרום מזמנו לאחרים הזקוקים לכך" עוד גדולים אחרים קראו לאברכים בקריאה דומה. הרב וולבה זצ"ל, בארץ ישראל, המליץ ושכנע אברכים להקדיש לילה אחד בשבוע לבקר משפחות חילוניות, ולהאיר בביתם את אור התורה והיהדות. תלמידי חכמים גדולים בכל הדורות ניצלו תמיד כל הזדמנות ללכת בדרכו של אברהם אבינו, ולהשקיע כל מאמץ על מנת לקרב יהודים לבוראם. המגיד שיעור הידוע ר' מנדל קפלן זצ"ל השקיע רבות בהתידדות עם אנשים שאינם שומרי תורה ומצוות ובכל עת שפגש אי מי מהם היה מלמדם. כולל גם ילדים קטנים. פעם אחת הביאה מזכירה חילוניה בישיבה את בנה בן התשע איתה לעבודה. כאשר ר' מנדל ראה את הילד הקטן משחק במסדרונות הישיבה, הוא קרא לו, הצביע על חומש ושאלו: "היודע אתה מה זה?" "ודאי" ענה הילד, "זהו חומש", לקח ר' מנדל שתי כיסאות ישב עם הילד למשך שעה ולימד אותו חומש ברמה שהתאימה להבנתו. מאוחר יותר שאל אותו מישהו מדוע הוא הקדיש כל כך הרבה מזמנו היקר למען ילד בן תשע. ענה ר' מנדל: "אני מקווה שנטעתי גרעין אשר יגדל ויפרח בעוד שנים" אנו עלולים לחשוב כי לא יכולה להיות לנו השפעה על יהודים אלה, אולם אף אחד אינו יכול לדעת איזה גרעין הוא נטע, שמא יפרח הוא ויצמח בעוד שנים רבות וקשה יהיה לקשר בין הנטיעה לצמיחה. הר' קפלן היה תלמיד חכם עצום, הוא הגיע לרמות גבוהות ביותר בלימוד התורה ובצדקותו, אולם, הוא הבין שכל זה לא פוטר אותו מהאחריות לחפש אחר הזדמנויות "לקרא בשם ה'". לומדים מהספורנו שגם אדם צדיק אינו ראוי לברכה בזכות עצמו עד אשר יפרסם את שמו של ה' בעולם. מוסיף הר' אליישיב ומלמד כי טענה בנוסח – אנשים אחרים כבר פועלים ועושים – אינה תקפה ואינה מתקבלת. ייתן ה' ונזכה לממש את תפקידנו ולקרא בשם ה'.

תולדות – יצחק אבינו יהונתן גפן

בס"ד תולדות – יצחק אבינו יהונתן גפן התורה מקדישה שלוש פרשיות לתיאור מעשי אברהם אבינו, ושלוש פרשיות לחייו של יעקב אבינו. לעומת זאת, רק פרשת תולדות מתמקדת ביצחק אבינו. ואף בפרשה זו מתוארת רק פרשיה אחת בה היה מעורב רק יצחק אבינו ולא אחר מהאבות; והיא תיאור התקופה בה היה יצחק בגרר – ארץ פלישתים. בעקבות הרעב שפקד את ארץ ישראל נאלץ יצחק לעבור לגרר. בהגיעו לשם הוא מודיע שרבקה אשתו – היא אחותו, כפי שעשה אביו אברהם שנים קודם לכן. לאחר מכן מתארת התורה באריכות כיצד סתמו הפלישתים את הבארות שחפר אברהם, וכיצד פתח אותם יצחק שנית. יצחק סבל מעוינות קשה מצד אנשי המקום הפלישתים, ובסופו של דבר הוא כורת ברית עם אבימלך מלכם. במבט שטחי קשה מאד לשאוב כל לימוד משמעותי מסיפור זה, אולם האמת היא שמכאן ניתן לקחת את המפתח להבנת מהותו של יצחק אבינו. המאפיין הבולט ביותר במעשי יצחק הוא שהם דומים מאד למעשי אביו. כאשר היה רעב בימי אברהם הוא פנה לארץ מצרים; יצחק רצה לעשות כן גם כעת, אולם הקב"ה מורה לו לא לעזוב את ארץ ישראל. ואז הוא שב אל הבארות שאביו חפר – ופותח אותם מחדש, הוא קורא להם את אותם שמות שקרא להם אביו . רבינו בחיי כותב שממעשי יצחק כאן נלמד עניין המסורה. עד עולם, בכל עתיד עם ישראל – בן ילך אחר אביו . יצחק לא רצה לסטות אף בפסיעה אחת מהדרך שהתווה לו אביו. ר' מתתיהו סלמון שליט"א מבאר את תפקידו של יצחק מבין האבות: אברהם היה הראשון – ה"חלוץ"; הוא הניח את היסודות ושרטט את הקווים המנחים את עם ישראל לדורותיו. עבודתו של יצחק הייתה לקבל ולגבש את כל מעשי אביו, לצעוד במדויק בדרך שהתווה, ובכך להנחיל לדורות הבאים את עניין המסורה. עבודת חייו של יצחק לא הייתה לסלול שבילים חדשים אלא לצעד באמונה בעקבות אביו. ולכן כאשר פוקד רעב את הארץ הוא מיד מתכנן לרדת למצרים, כיוון שכך עשה אביו. וכאשר הוא מגיע לגרר – הוא חופר בדיוק את אותן בארות שחפר אביו, וקורא להם בדיוק בשמות שנתן להן אביו . מצד שני, ישנו מאפיין בולט נוסף בחיי יצחק אבינו שנראה לכאורה סותר את העיקרון של הצעידה העקבית אך ורק בדרכי אביו. חז"ל אומרים שאברהם ויצחק היו בעלי מבנה אישיות שונה לחלוטין; אברהם מיצג את מידת החסד – נתינה ללא גבול ומידה לכל אחד ואחד. יצחק, לעומת זאת מאופיין במידת הדין והגבורה. האמת היא שחלק עיקרי בגדולתו של יצחק הוא העובדה שהוא לא היווה העתק מושלם של אביו; ניתן לראות זאת בהסבר חז"ל מדוע תפילתו של יצחק להיפקד בילד נענתה קודם שנענתה תפילת רבקה. רש"י מביא את דברי הגמרא שאומרת ש"אינה דומה תפילת צדיק בן צדיק לתפילת צדיק בן רשע" . לכאורה קשה מאד להבין זאת, אדם שהתגבר על השפעה שלילית שהיתה עליו בצעירותו והפך לצדיק, אמור לכאורה להחשב בעל זכויות גדולות יותר מאדם אחר שנולד להורים צדיקים. התשובה היא שצדיק בן צדיק מתמודד עם ניסיון קשה עוד יותר – שלא להיות העתק בלבד של אביו. אברהם אבינו היה המודל לחיקוי הגדול ביותר שיכול אדם לראות מולו, הטבעי והפשוט ביותר עבור יצחק היה לנסות לחקות כל מעשה ומעשה של אביו. אולם יצחק לא הסתפק בכך; הוא סלל את דרכו שלו בדרך העולה בית קל. ראינו שמצד אחד יצחק מיצג את עניין המסורה, שלא לסור ימין ושמאל מדרך אבותינו. ומצד שני, אישיותו של יצחק הייתה שונה לחלוטין מזו של אביו! כיצד ניתן להבין שני מאפיינים סותרים אלה של יצחק? האמת הברורה היא שאין כאן כל סתירה; כל יהודי ויהודי נולד כחוליה בשלשלת הדורות המתחילה באברהם אבינו; אנו מחוייבים לדבוק באמונה בכל עיקרי ההשקפה, ההוראות והנחיות שמנחילה לנו שלשלת המסורה. אדם לא יכול לחדש לעצמו השקפות או הנהגות; ישנה מסורת המדריכה אותו כיצד לחיות את חייו. אולם עם זאת, אין הכוונה שכל החוליות בשרשרת תהיינה בהכרח זהות לחלוטין – ישנן דרכים רבות בהן יכול אדם לבטא את עצמו ואת אישיותו המיוחדת בתוך דרך המסורה. ה"חפץ חיים" זצ"ל שואל מדוע מדגישה התורה ש"עץ החיים" עמד דווקא ב"תוך" הגן – באמצע גן עדן. הוא משיב שישנו גרעין אחד של אמת מרכזית, וסביבו מתאספות המוני נקודות של אמת ומרחק כל נקודה מהמרכז שווה. כך, ישנן גישות ודעות רבות לאין מספר בתוך היהדות, כל אחת מהן מתאימה לשטחים אחרים ולתכונות אופי שונות. אולם כל עוד דרכים אלה עומדות בתוך גבולות המסורה – כולן שייכות וקשורות לאמת המרכזית . בישיבה אחת היה מודגש במיוחד הרעיון שהאדם לא צריך להכניס את עצמו דווקא לתוך תבנית מסוימת, אלא כל אחד יתפתח בהתאם לאישיותו, ישיבת סלבודקה. הסבא מסלבודקה הדגיש מאד את ייחודיותו של כל אחד ואחד. הוא חשש מקבלת מגידי שיעורים ומשגיחים בישיבתו שאישיותם קוסמת וכריזמטית מידי שמא יסחפו אחריהם את התלמידים ויגרמו להם לשאוף להיות חיקוי מושלם של רבותיהם . ר' ירוחם ליבוביץ זצ"ל, המשגיח הגדול של ישיבת מיר ביקר פעם אצל הסבא. ביום הראשון של הביקור הסבא הוכיח אותו בתקיפות רבה עד שכל הישיבה יכולה היתה לשמוע את הקולות מבעד לדלת הסגורה. תוכחה זו נמשכה יום אחרי יום קרוב לשבוע. מה הפריע לסבא? הוא הרגיש שר' ירוחם הוא כל כך אהוב וכריזמטי עד שהוא הופך את בחורי ישיבת מיר ל"כפילים" שלו – כל בחור ובחור הוא כדוגמת ר' ירוחם – במקום להניח להם לפתח ולבטא את אישיותם הייחודית . ר' יעקב קמינצקי אימץ גישה דומה בתחום ההשקפה – גישתו הייתה שאם אדם נוטה לכיוון זרם מסוים ביהדות, אל לו להימנע מלהיכנס ולהתערב בזרם זה, גם אם הוא נוגד את דרך ההשקפה של הוריו ומשפחתו. משפחה מסוימת שהייתה קרובה לר' יעקב הוכתה בהלם כאשר בנם הצעיר הודיע להם שהוא מעוניין להיות חסיד סקווער. הם נכנסו עם בנם לר' יעקב מתוך ציפיה שהוא ישכנע את בנם שבנים למשפחות ליטאיות לא נהפכים לפתע לחסידים. להפתעתם, ר' יעקב הקדיש את זמנו כדי להבהיר להם שאין שום בעיה בכך שבנם מעוניין לצעוד בדרך שונה מהם בעבודת ה'. הוא הסביר שמן הסתם יש לבנם צורך רגשי מסוים, והוא מרגיש שיוכל להגיע על סיפוקו אם יהפוך לחסיד, עליהם לכבד רגשות אלה. ר' יעקב אף המליץ להם על צעד נוסף, קיצוני הרבה יותר ממה שתיארו לעצמם – לשלוח את הבן לישיבת סקווער ! העיקרון שישנן דרכים רבות שונות וכשרות לכל יהודי שומר תורה ומצוות בהן יכול הוא לבטא את עצמו ואישיותו – קשור לשטחים רבים בחיינו, כפיתוח תכונות אופי, לימוד התורה והשקפה: בכל חברה שהיא ישנה נטייה מסוימת לסוג אחר של תכונות אופי וכוחות נפש – שהם הנחשבים יותר מהאחרים. לדוגמא, אדם חברותי ובטוח בעצמו בדרך כלל נחשב חיובי מאד, לעומת זאת הבישן והחששן בדרך כלל פחות נחשב בחברה. הורה חברותי ומוחצן מאד לילד מפנם יותר עלול לראות באופיו השקט של בנו פגם מסוים ולנסות לדחוף אותו לשנות את מזגו. אולם, סביר ביותר שהוא רק יצליח לגרום לו להאמין שמשהו בו לוקה בחסר. זוהי עבודתו של כל הורה ומחנך – לקבל את העובדה שייתכן ובניו יהיו שונים ממנו, לקבלם בדיוק כפי שהם ולכוונם לפי כוחותיהם ואישיותם המיוחדת. בדומה לכך, ייתכן מצב בו ילד מתקשה לשבת זמן ממושך ולהתרכז בלימוד. אם ההורה או המורה לוחץ יותר מידי על הילד שילמד, קיים סיכון שכאשר יגדל הילד – הוא יבעט בכל הקשור ללימוד . אפילו בתוך עולם לימוד התורה אדם עלול לחוש לפעמים לא מסופק ממתכונת של לימוד גמרא במשך כל היום. ישנם רבים הנהנים מהעמקה בשטחים אחרים של התורה כנביא, השקפה ומוסר. היה מומלץ (על פי הדרכת רבנים) לעודד בנים ותלמידים בעלי נטיות כאלה לפנות ללימוד בשטחים אלה במקום לגרום להם להרגיש לא שייכים לעולם התורה רק בשל העובדה שהם מתקשים בלימוד הגמרא, מצב הגורם להם במקרים רבים לעזוב את הכל . וכפי שראינו מסיפורו של ר' יעקב, אין מה לדאוג אם יש ילד או תלמיד אחד הבוחר לפתח את עולם היהדות שלו בדרך שונה מהוריו. יש לציין כי אמנם חינוך הבנים הוא השטח בו רעיון זה משמעותי ביותר, עם זאת גם לגבי עבודת ה' האישית שלנו שייך נושא זה. גם אנו עלולים לחוות לפעמים תחושה של "לא בעניינים". מוסכמות החברה בה אנו חיים לא תמיד תפורים בדיוק על פי מידותינו. במקרים רבים נוכל להגיע לסיפוק בעבודת ה', בעבודת המידות או בלימוד, אם נרשה לעצמנו לבטא את הכוחות האישיים הגלומים בנו. ללא ספק, מעשים אלו חייבים להיעשות על פי הנחיה, ותוך היצמדות מוחלטת למסורת הנתונה לנו. עד כמה חשוב לעודד בני אדם לבטא את ייחודיותם בתוך עולם התורה? אמרנו קודם שהישיבה שהדגישה ביותר רעיון זה הייתה סלבוקה. אם נבחן את פירותיהן של הישיבות הגדולות בדור הקודם – ניווכח לראות באופן ברור שישיבת סלבודקה הוציאה תחת ידה את המספר הגדול מאד של גדולי תורה . ומה שבולט מאד בגדולי עולם אלא הוא עד כמה היו הם שונים זה מזה. על ידי שהתייחס הסבא מסלבודקא באופן מיוחד לייחודיות של כל אחד ואחד עלה בידו להוציא את הטוב ביותר מכל תלמידיו. אם אנו נלך בעקבותיו יגדלו עד מאד סיכויינו להעניק לעצמנו, לילדינו ולתלמידנו הרבה יותר שמחה והצלחה בכל שטח בחיים!

TOLDOT – ISAAC – THE MIDDLE STAGE IN SERVING GOD

TOLDOT – ISAAC – THE MIDDLE STAGE IN SERVING GOD The Torah devotes a great deal of time to discussing the lives of Abraham and Jacob, detailing numerous events pertaining to them. In contrast, Isaac receives relatively little attention to the extent that there is only one Torah portion in which he is the central character; that of Toldot, and even in that portion there is only one story that features Yitzchak without any other Forefather. This is all the more striking given that Yitzchak lived a longer life than both his father and his son. Accordingly, it could seem more difficult to derive lessons from the life of the middle of the patriarch. However, on deeper analysis it seems possible that the paucity of the account of Yitzchak’s life provides us with a vital clue into understanding his role in Avodat HaShem (Divine service) and how that is relevant to our own lives. The Gemara in Pesachim tells us that the Patriarchs described the Temple in different ways. Abraham called it a mountain; Isaac a field; and Jacob a house. The commentaries explain that these different descriptions teach us many lessons about how each Patriarch related to Avodat HaShem. One aspect of these explanations is the contrast in the variety that is found in the three terms. A mountain provides a fascinating view, incorporating numerous variations in the formation of the rocks, and rising up to great heights. This symbolizes the eventful life of Abraham whereby he scaled untold heights in teaching about the existence of one God in the world. A house is the location of many vital events in a person’s life, and particularly represents one’s daily, mundane life. It symbolizes the fact that for much of Jacob’s life he was forced to be involved in very mundane activities such as dealing with tricksters such as Laban and working for many hours in the fields. And yet he succeeded in elevating these seemingly unholy activities and making them holy. In this vein, what is the significance of the symbolism of a field with regard to the Avodat HaShem of Isaac? Unlike a mountain, a field does not offer a fascinating view with great variety, and unlike a house, it is not full of a variety of objects. Rather, a field is a flat, featureless phenomenon. Yet it is simultaneously a place of great significance; it is the subject of intense work aimed at making the field yield as much produce as possible. This description can help us understand how Yitzchak related to Avodat HaShem. Isaac’s Avodat HaShem was characterized by intense self-growth and self-nullification. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky notes that his character traits were far less conducive to teaching and inspiring large numbers of people than those of Abraham and Jacob. Moreover, we do not see that he was involved in physicality to the same extent as Jacob. Yitzchak’s niche was far more connected to the realm of self-perfection, intense work on nullifying his own physical desires and solely acting according to God’s will. With this explanation we can now delve deeper into the significance of the Torah’s limited account of the events in Yitzchak’s life. The reason seems to be quite simply that such incidents didn’t take place in his life. His role was not to teach hundreds of people, rather his avoda was to work diligently on his own Avodat HaShem and self-nullification. This kind of spiritual work by its very nature is not characterized by excitement rather it involves slow, gradual, and difficult self-development. And yet in a certain way Isaac’s form of Avoda is perhaps the most important of that of all the Patriarchs in that it is the stage in one’s life that defines a person’s spiritual fortitude for his own life. This idea is demonstrated by a concept that is discussed by Rav Akiva Tatz in his book, ‘Living Inspired’. He explains that there are three stages in many aspects of life. The first is the ‘inspiration’ stage, whereby a person begins a certain endeavor or relationship and is given a great surge of inspiration. The second stage takes place when the initial inspiration wears off and is replaced by a realization that this endeavor is not so easy after all. This stage calls for a great deal of persistence and hard work and often without seeing tangible fruits to one’s hard work. The third and final stage takes place after the hard work, where a person finally feels the fruits of all his efforts. This is a far deeper and satisfying feeling than in the first stage because the inspiration of the first stage is not earned, whereas the third stage comes about due to a person’s efforts. A good example of this phenomenon is the relationship of man and wife. At the beginning of a relationship both people feel a great deal of excitement about the relationship and ‘feel’ that they are in love, when in truth they are infatuated. The second stages takes place when that initial excitement wears off and the couple faces the realization that marriage involves a great deal of hard work and self development. If both spouses do exert the necessary effort then they will at some point reach the third stage of a genuine feeling of deep love. The three Patriarchs correspond to the three stages: Abraham represents the exciting beginning and Jacob relates to the final phase of perfection. Isaach embodies the middle stage, where the excitement has faded and now a lot of hard work is required. This pattern is extremely pertinent to all aspects of Avodat HaShem. When a person begins a spiritual journey he feels a great sense of inspiration at the new vistas open to him, yet soon after he comes to the realization that in order to be an Eved HaShem one must work very hard. For example, in order to become a genuine Torah scholar, a person must go through the excruciating process of learning an unfamiliar language, and then approach the numerous difficulties involved in understanding a Gemara. But after all that effort, when he completes a section of learning the person feels a truly satisfying feeling of completion as a result of great effort. This is the relevance of Isaac to our lives: He represents that stage of life which is not necessarily exciting and does not involve dramatic events, rather it involves self-development. When we view great Torah sages we are usually exposed to the great events of their later life but it is clear that they all attained their greatness through years of devoted Torah study and self-growth. One elderly man had learnt in the same Yeshiva as the great Rav Moshe Feinstein when they were young. He was asked to relate stories from Rav Moshe’s time in Yeshiva. He answered that there were no stories – all that Rav Moshe did in yeshiva was learn! It was that consistent, determined learning that created the leading Torah sage whom we know so much about. We have developed a much deeper understanding of the significance of Isaac in our lives. This is relevant to a person regardless of his stage in life. For a younger person, it teaches him that in order to achieve greatness he must first be willing to put in a considerable amount of time and effort into developing his Torah learning, character traits and relationship to God. For people who are in a later phase of life, the lesson is that it is still essential that he find some time in his daily life to focus on his spiritual development, which includes a fixed time for Torah study and a cheshbon hanefesh (accounting of the soul) devoted to self-growth. May we all emulate our father Isaac and make the necessary efforts to achieve the third stage where we can really appreciate the fruits of our hard work.

Thursday, November 8, 2012

INSIGHTS IN RASHI: CHAYEI SARAH – ELIEZER’S HIDDEN INTENT

INSIGHTS IN RASHI: CHAYEI SARAH – ELIEZER’S HIDDEN INTENT Yehonasan Gefen Bereishis, 24:39: “And I said to my master, ‘Perhaps ((אלי the woman will not follow me?” Rashi, Bereishis, 24:39, sv. Perhaps: אלי is written [without the ‘vav’]: Eliezer had a daughter and he was searching for a way in which Avraham would turn to him [so that Yitzchak] would marry his daughter. When Avraham instructed his faithful servant, Eliezer to search for a wife for Yitzchak, Eliezer asked what would happen if, perhaps, the woman would not want to come with him. In the initial account of his discussion with Avraham, the hebrew word for perhaps, אולי, is spelled in the normal way (with a vav). However, when he retold the story the Torah spells the wordאלי without the vav. This alludes to a different word meaning “to me” which alludes to us that Eliezer was hoping that he would not find a wife for Yitzchak on his travels and therefore Yitzchak should come “to him” to marry his daughter. The commentaries ask why the Torah only made this allusion the second time that Eliezer said these words; it would have seemed more logical to tell us on the first occasion? The Kotsker Rebbe zt”l explains that the first time Eliezer expressed his reservations he was not consciously aware of his underlying hope that Yitzchak would marry his daughter. Therefore there is no allusion to his selfish motives at that time. The reason for this was that he was unable to view the situation totally objectively and realize that he had ulterior motives. After he had found a wife for Yitzchak he could have a totally unbiased view of what had happened. He then recognized retroactively that the root cause of his objection to Avraham was the hidden hope that his own daughter would marry Yitzchak. The Kotzker Rebbe’s explanation demonstrates how easily one can get caught in the trap of selfish motives without even realizing. A person can only recognize these motives with the benefit of the objectivity that comes after the event, but by then it is often too late. How can a person avoid this problem at the time that it takes place? The Mishna in Avos helps answer this question: It instructs us: “...Acquire for yourself a friend. ” Rabbeinu Yonah writes that one of the benefits of having a friend is that he can help you in observing Mitzvos. “Even when a friend is no more righteous than him and sometimes he even acts improperly, nonetheless he does not want a friend to do the same [action], because he has no benefit from it. ” He then brings as a proof to this idea the principle that “a person does not sin on behalf of someone else.” This means that a generally observant person usually sins because he is blinded by some kind of desire for pleasure, however with regard to someone else we presume that he is not blinded in the same way and therefore we do not suspect him of sinning on behalf of others. This idea is applied in a number of places throughout the Gemara . Rabbeinu Yonah thus teaches us the importance of acquiring at least one friend who can act as an objective onlooker towards our own actions and warn us when ulterior motives are clouding our reasoning. This friend need not necessarily be on a higher level than ourselves – it is his objectivity that makes him more able to discern our true intentions. In this way we can hope to avoid the pitfalls of being clouded by the yester hara and can attain clarity in the underlying motives for our actions.

Sunday, November 4, 2012

CHAYEI SARAH - THE BATTLE OF BODY AND SOUL

CHAYEI SARAH - THE BATTLE OF BODY AND SOUL By Yehonasan Gefen After enduring the nisayon of the Akeida and the death of his wife, Avraham Avinu is forced to enter into lengthy negotiations with the wily Efron in order to acquire a burial plot for Sarah Imainu. Finally, he buys it for the extortionate sum of 400 silver pieces. The commentators note that Efron’s name is spelt with a ‘vav’ in every instance except for the passuk in which the transaction finally takes place, in that passuk, his name is lacking the ‘vav’. Rashi explains that Efron spoke a lot but did little, he initially told Avraham that he was willing to give away the land, but in the end, he charged a very high price, as a result his value decreases The Baal HaTurim makes a different observation about the missing ‘vav’. He notes that the gematria of the name Efron without a ‘vav’ is 400, the same as the amount of money that he earned from this transaction ! What is the significance of this? Rav Elchonon Fishman Shlita explains that when Efron acquired this money it gave him a new sense of value - now he saw himself as ‘worth’ 400 sliver pieces. Efron’s self-estimation was dependent upon his financial status. He fell prey to the common yetser hara of emphasizing his material status over his spiritual standing. There is a natural tendency to do this because, since Chet Adam HaRishon, man is far more aware of his body than his soul. Rav Motty Berger Shlita observes that we tend to identify ourselves as our body - for example, when a person is sick, he says, “I am not feeling well,” seeing his body as his main identity. A more accurate statement would be, “my body is not feeling well,” implying that our soul is the ikar part of us. An essential part of our Avodas Hashem is to develop greater awareness of our soul and its needs. We can gain a deeper understanding of the body-soul relationship by making a further observation about the Baal HaTurim’s gematria. When Efron received the money he surely felt that he had increased his importance in the world - now he was a wealthy man. However, he actually lost a letter to his name and we know that a person’s name represents his essence. This indicates that his ‘real value’ as a person went down. Moreover, it is significant that the letter that he lost to his name was the ‘vav’. The ‘vav’ is the letter of connection; it means ‘and’ - it joins concepts and nouns together. It’s shape also signifies it’s connecting ability; it is shaped like a hook with which we can connect two things together. When Efron gained in physicality he went down in spirituality and lost an element of connection with Hashem. When a person gives more importance to his body, then, mimayla, his soul will suffer. The inverse relationship between body and soul is also alluded to in next week’s parsha. The navi tells Rivka that the two babies inside her will develop into two conflicting nations and that when one of these falls, the other will rise. The pshat of this passuk is that the nations of Klal Yisroel and Edom will counter-balance each other, when one ascends the other declines. But there are commentaries who see another battle alluded to in this passuk - they say that Yaakov represents the soul, and Esav the body; there is a continual battle between these two forces. If the soul is in the ascendancy then the body will consequently weaken, and if the soul weakens then the body will correspondingly rise. A striking example of this is a story involving Beis Yosef: He was often visited by a Malach due to his great spiritual level. However, for a few days, the Malach stopped appearing to him. He was told that the reason for this was that on one hot day the Beis Yosef spent a little too much time searching for cold water. This slight focus on his bodily needs effected a decline in his spiritual level to the extent that he was not now on the level to speak to the Malach! We see from these sources that it is impossible for a person to be devoted to both his body and his soul. A person may think that this is not the case - he can be osek in Torah and mitzvos and simultaneously strive to attain physical satisfaction. However, ultimately this kind of person is merely a slave to his body; it may allow him to do mitzvos but if he cannot pull himself away from his desires for food and money then that is a sure sign that the body is in the ascendancy. Rav Shlomo Brevda Shlita demonstrates this point with two stories. He once sent a promising yeshiva bachur to America to learn in a very good yeshiva. When the boy arrived there he was impressed with the hasmada of the bachurim. However, he was equally surprised at the lunch break - those same bachurim who had learnt with such vigor were now filling their stomachs with equally great zest! Rav Brevda says that these bachurim were slaves to their bodies. In another instance, Rav Brevda was speaking to a large number of religious teenage girls. At one point in his lecture, he said that the purpose of life is not to live in the nicest house with the most beautiful furniture. Later that day a teacher came to him, saying that one girl in the audience was experiencing a great deal of confusion. She had been brought up in an observant home in which it was stressed that it is essential to live the high life in terms of materialistic comforts. After hearing Rav Brevda’s words she realized that he was right and that she had been taught an attitude that is alien to the true Torah outlook. Rav Brevda argues that there is supposed to be a milchama between the body and soul. The body is very powerful and often overcomes our drive for spirituality but as long as we at least recognize that there is a battle, then we can begin to strengthen our soul. However, he argues that for many fully observant Jews there is no battle - there is no conflict when a person is, for example, faced with the opportunity to eat a piece of cake when he is not at all hungry - he gulps it down without thinking. But worst of all is that he doesn’t even realize that his body is in total control of his being. What can person do to at least join the battle? David HaMelech tells us that there are two ways of working on oneself - to leave evil and do good . ‘Leaving evil’ refers here to weakening the hold of the body. Rav Brevda offers a suggestion of how we can begin to do this; when we eat a main meal, we should only eat one serving - we are allowed to take as much as we want for that serving but we should at least develop the ability to refrain ourselves from taking more - this way we have at least began the milchama with our body. But we should also focus on the ‘aseh tov’ - by growing in spirituality we will automatically weaken our bond to physicality. Rav Noach Orlowek Shlita was once asked by a bachur that he looked forward to lunch more than mincha - how could he work on this failing? Rav Orlowek answered that he should strive to appreciate tefilla more, by doing so he will thereby inevitably feel less excited about physical enjoyment. Rav Brevda offers a suggestion about how to do this as well - for the first ten minutes of pesukey dezimra a person should do his utmost to only focus on his siddur and not look around. By doing this he can shut out the distractions that prevent him from focusing solely on the tefilla. Rav Brevda says that people have told him that this exercise has drastically improved their Avodas Hashem. The battle between body and soul is long and challenging, however, if we at least join the battle then it is in our hands to succeed. The Maharal makes a vital point on the Rashi about the conflicting fortunes of Yaakov and Esav . He notes that Rashi says that when Yaakov falls, Esav rises but not the other way around. He explains that Yaakov is in control of who is stronger - Esav only ascends as a result of Yaakov’s falings, but if Yaakov succeeds, then Esav is helpless. The same can be said with regards to the battle between body and soul. It is in a person’s control who is on the ascent - if he strives to strengthen his soul then the power of the body will inevitably wither. May we all be able to join the milchama of body and soul.