We all know that the main Avoda of Rosh Hashana is to mamlich Hashem - to accept Him as King over us. But what does this mean? On one level it means to recognise that He is all-powerful and has total control over the world. But there is another very important aspect to being Mamlich Hashem. The Gra notes that with reference to non-Jews Hashem is called a Moshel, whereas with regard to Jews He is called a Melech. A Moshel is a dictator who has complete power but is not loved by his subjects because they perceive that he is not the source of good for them. The goyim see Hashem as a ruler who may be powerful but they would prefer that He not interfere with their lives.
In contrast, a Melech is a ruler who we accept with love over us because we recognise that He is the source of all goodness - the Jewish people are supposed to have this attitude to Hashem’s kingship. In order to properly mamlich Hashem we must recognise that He and He alone is the ONLY source of meaning and happiness. The antithesis of this is the negative mitzvo of not following after other gods. This is not limited to not worshipping idols, it also requires that we acknowledge that there is no other source of our well-being other than Hashem. If a person believes that there is any other factor in his life that is independently significant to his happiness then he transgresses the mitzvo of not following other gods. There are numerous possible ‘alternative’ sources to attributing our well-being, including money, physical pleasure, material attainment, honour, or even ourselves . A person can say he believes in G-d but if he acts as though any of these factors provide him with any happiness to the exclusion of Hashem, then he cannot properly make Hashem King .
The extent to which we recognise that doing ratson Hashem is the only key to success has a great effect on our shemiras hamitzvos, both avoidance of lavim and performance of positive mitzvos. With regards to lavim, my Rebbe, Rav Yitzchak Berkovits Shlita suggests that the shoresh of many aveiros is a belief that there are other ways of succeeding in life apart from keeping the Torah. For example, a person may be faced with the opportunity to gain financially by doing something which is halachically highly questionable; The outcome of his decision whether to do the issur or not may well be based on his emuna - if he really believes that Hashem is the only key to goodness then he will refrain from doing something that Hashem tells him not to do. But, if, deep down, he feels that there is another way, apart from shemiras hamitzvos, in which a person can succeed, such as cheating in financial areas, then he will likely succumb to the temptation. Another example is when a person is put in a situation where he could speak lashon hara, if he has a clear realisation that doing so, will, ultimately cause him only pain, then he will not do so. But if, b’shaas maaseh he feels that telling over this piece of gossip will give him pleasure, then he will do so. Of course, a person may not be consciously making such cheshbonos, but deep down they are probably the shoresh of the rationalisations that a person makes when he sins. The more a person can mamlich Hashem, that is, to recognise that He is the ONLY source of happiness, then he will be more successful in his avoidance of doing aveiros because he will recognise that doing them would ultimately not provide him with any real happiness.
The same concept applies for performance of positive mitzvos: it is discussed by Rav Chaim Shmuelevitz zt”l . He asks; the Gemara states that there is no reward for mitzvos in Olam Hazeh - this means that a spiritual act such as a mitzvo cannot be sufficiently rewarded by anything in Olam Hazeh. Yet, Chazal also teach us that reshaim receive the reward for their mitzvos in Olam Hazeh - how can they be satisfactorily rewarded by this-worldly pleasures? He answers that the reward a person receives for a mitzvo is no more than the value he himself attributes to that mitzvo. Therefore, a rasha, who sees physical pleasures as the source of his fulfillment will be rewarded with just that for his mitzvos. When the Gemara says that there is no reward in this world, it means that a mitzvo done by a person who has an appreciation of the spiritual pleasures cannot be rewarded with the transitory pleasures of this world.
Based on this, we can gain a greater understanding of the importance on Rosh Hashana of recognising that Hashem is the only source of true happiness: We are judged on this day according to how many mitzvos we have fulfilled against the number of aveiros that we have committed. However, the Rambam in Hilchos Teshuva writes that each mitzvo has a different potency based on a number of factors, one of the most important being the intentions behind the mitzvo. If a person’s sheifos are largely for this-worldly pleasures then this will surely effect his shemiras hamitzvos; There will be occassions where he will refrain from performing a mitzvo in order to satisfy his desires. Rav Shmuelevitz gives the example of a ben Torah stopping learning in order to earn some money. He is demonstrating that the mitzvo of Talmud Torah is worth less than the amount of money he could gain. Thus, even when he does perform the mitzvo, it is tainted by his underlying attitude that it is worth less than other forms of pleasure such as gaining money. The alarming consequence of this is that the reward he will receive for his mitzvos will only be equal to the value that he himself ascribed to the mitzvo. Thus, it is also apparent in our performance of positive mitzvos, that the extent to which we acknowledge that only Hashem is the source of goodness and that doing His ratson is the only way to succeed in life, bears a great effect on how we emerge from the din of Rosh Hashana.
Rav Yissochor Frand Shlita tells a frightening story that adds another dimension to the idea that a the reward a person receives is directly related to what is important to him. The Chiddushei Harim zt”l once travelled with a man on his carriage that was pulled by two horses. After a few miles, one of the horses died, causing great distress to its owner. A few miles later, the other horse also died. The owner was so distressed at the loss of his horses that meant so much to him that he sat crying for a long time until he cried so much that he died. That night, the Chiddushei Harim had a dream; in that dream he saw that the man who had died, received Olam Haba. But what was his Olam Haba? A lovely carriage with two beautiful horses. This story teaches us that our Olam Haba is created by what we value in Olam Hazeh - for this man, the most important thing in his life was his horses and carriage, so that was what he got for eternity.
One may ask, it does not seem to be so bad for a person to receive in Olam Haba that which a person cherishes so much in Olam Hazeh. Rav Frand answers this question. He says that when he was a young child he always wanted a slingshot with which to play with but his parents refused. Imagine if, at the time of his wedding, his parents would come to him and say, “here is the slingshot that you always wanted!” As a child, the slingshot was valuable to him, but now he has grown out of it. So too, we may strive to acquire various pleasures in Olam hazeh, such as money or kavod, believing that they will provide us with contentment. But when we arrive in Olam Haba we will see the truth of the words of Mesillas Yesharim: “everything else [apart from closeness to Hashem] that people believe are good is nothing but emptiness. ” In the Olam Haemes, we will see with perfect clarity, how meaningless are those things that we put so much energy into acquiring in this world.
We spend much of Rosh Hashana in tefilla - those tefillas repeatedly emphasise how Hashem is our King. When we say these words again and again on the day, let us remember what they mean: that Hashem is a loving King who is the source of all good, if we can internalise that then we can emerge from Rosh Hashana triumphant.
Kesiva v’chasima tova.
Showing posts with label Rosh HaShana. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Rosh HaShana. Show all posts
Sunday, September 25, 2011
Monday, September 19, 2011
THE DAY OF OPPORTUNITY - ROSH HASHANA
As we approach Rosh Hashana, it is important to understand why Rosh Hashana is such an important time. Furthermore, on a more practical level, it is essential that we are aware of our avoda during this time period. It is a great shame to experience Rosh Hashana without becoming a changed person.
Rav Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler zt"l provides us with some vital insights into Rosh Hashana. He begins by explaining that there are two different ways in which a person can change his spiritual standing. He describes them as bechira klalis and bechira pratis . Bechira pratis describes minor life changes, whereas bechira klalis refers to major shifts in one's level. Bechira pratis is the more common of the two. People generally change in small stages, gradually improving or deteriorating. However, there are times in a person's life when he faces a major decision and the results of that decision will have dramatic effects on the rest of his life. For example, a person beginning his studies of Yiddishkeit may face a decision as to whether he should continue his studies or look for a job without having strong foundations in his Judaism. This is a single decision, however, it will have great ramifications for his future spiritual standing. In a similar vein, there are certain time periods which are mesugal for bechira klalis - Rosh Hashana is one of these times .
Rav Dessler brings the Gemara that states that the g'zar din for a person's year is made on Rosh Hashana and that it is almost impossible for an individual to undo the judgment he received on Rosh Hashana . He asks why this is the case - if a person improves his actions later in the year, why is it so difficult for him to alter what was decreed on Rosh Hashana? He explains that there is a special power on Rosh Hashana. He writes: "The whole matter of the judgment of Rosh Hashana is that Hakadosh Baruch Hu created a unique time period in which a person is aroused to a form of teshuva more powerful than on the rest of the year. And since the arousing power of Rosh Hashana is so great, so too the change that a person can make in himself is very great." Accordingly, if a person reaches a high level on Rosh Hashana then he effects a deep and permanent change in himself. Even if he declines later in the year, his basic standing does not change. His change of level later in the year only represents a superficial deterioration, rather than a fundamental shift on his level. In this way, Rosh Hashana is a time of tremendous opportunity to make long-lasting changes.
The Shem Mishmuel gives us a further insight into the power of Rosh Hashana. He writes that the events of the first Rosh Hashana have an eternal effect on that day through all of history. On the first Rosh Hashana, man was given a whole new level of existence through the soul that he was given. The soul is the driving force behind man's desire to constantly grow in stature and closeness to Hashem. Accordingly, on this day, there is an extra power for man to make a conscious decision to make huge leaps forward in his spiritual standing. With this understanding, he explains the gemara that tells us that Yosef HaTzaddik was released from the Egyptian prison on Rosh Hashana. The name of a person represents his essence. In that vein, Yosef's essence, based on his name, is to have a constant desire to grow in spirituality. Rachel Imanu gave him this name to represent her desire for more children, asking, "Hashem should add for me another son". This reaction seems somewhat difficult to understand - it appears analogous to when a parent gives a child a gift, the child asks for another one instead of thanking the parent ! However, in truth, it seems that Rachel’s desire for more children was not merely a desire for more in the realm of gashmius (physicality), rather it was a result of her great sheifa (aspiration) to strive in ruchnius (spirituality). For Rachel, having children meant playing a key role in the building of Klal Yisroel. Her request to have more children was a reflection of her own desire to merit to play a greater role in building Klal Yisroel. Thus it was not comparable to a child asking for another gift, rather it was more akin to one who has just completed a piece of learning asking Hashem to help him complete another one. That is not a sign of ingratitude, rather it is an expression of the person’s desire to grow more in ruchnius. In this way, the name Yosef represented the desire to constantly increase one's spirituality. The Shem Mishmuel writes that the essence of Yosef is identical to that of Rosh Hashana, in that both epitomize a burning ratson (will) to constantly strive in ruchnius. Therefore it was fitting that the pivotal event in enabling Yosef to achieve greatness, Yosef's release from prison, occurred on the day that is mesugal for greatness, Rosh Hashana.
These sources teach us the immense opportunity that is present on Rosh Hashana. The level that we attain on Rosh Hashana will have a tremendous effect on how the year to come will pan out. Accordingly, it is essential that a person strive to attain a high level on the days of Rosh Hashana. This concept is discussed in halacha. The Mishna Berurah writes that one should be particularly careful not to express any anger on these days. He explains that expressing positive character traits are a simun for a good year. Of course, it is not sufficient to merely act like a tzaddik on Rosh Hashana and return to one's old self the next day. Rather, a person must strive to make a permanent change in his outlook and attitudes on Rosh Hashana. Doing this will provide the foundation for a genuine improvement in one's Mitzvo observance. In this vein, the sefarim write that one is not merely judged on the number of mitzvos and aveiros that he has committed. His life aspirations and attitudes also come under scrutiny.
This perhaps helps understand why there is so much emphasis on tefilla on Rosh Hashana. For much of the day we sit in shul repeating the concept that Hashem is our King. Doing this is intended to help us internalize the recognition that closeness to Hashem is the only true source of meaning. The yetser hara can make a person have a somewhat negative attitude to the long prayers of Rosh Hashana. It can make him think more about going home, having lunch and sleeping, than making Hashem King. It is essential to recognize this nisayon and try to internalize the purpose and opportunity of the day. We have seen that Rosh Hashana is a time of unparalleled opportunity. The Shem MiShmuel points out that from the time that Yosef's release from prison on Rosh Hashana infused an extra power into that day of freeing oneself from his own personal prison - that is, whatever prevents him from being free to achieve his potential. May we all merit to achieve a great and long-lasting aliya on Rosh Hashana.
Rav Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler zt"l provides us with some vital insights into Rosh Hashana. He begins by explaining that there are two different ways in which a person can change his spiritual standing. He describes them as bechira klalis and bechira pratis . Bechira pratis describes minor life changes, whereas bechira klalis refers to major shifts in one's level. Bechira pratis is the more common of the two. People generally change in small stages, gradually improving or deteriorating. However, there are times in a person's life when he faces a major decision and the results of that decision will have dramatic effects on the rest of his life. For example, a person beginning his studies of Yiddishkeit may face a decision as to whether he should continue his studies or look for a job without having strong foundations in his Judaism. This is a single decision, however, it will have great ramifications for his future spiritual standing. In a similar vein, there are certain time periods which are mesugal for bechira klalis - Rosh Hashana is one of these times .
Rav Dessler brings the Gemara that states that the g'zar din for a person's year is made on Rosh Hashana and that it is almost impossible for an individual to undo the judgment he received on Rosh Hashana . He asks why this is the case - if a person improves his actions later in the year, why is it so difficult for him to alter what was decreed on Rosh Hashana? He explains that there is a special power on Rosh Hashana. He writes: "The whole matter of the judgment of Rosh Hashana is that Hakadosh Baruch Hu created a unique time period in which a person is aroused to a form of teshuva more powerful than on the rest of the year. And since the arousing power of Rosh Hashana is so great, so too the change that a person can make in himself is very great." Accordingly, if a person reaches a high level on Rosh Hashana then he effects a deep and permanent change in himself. Even if he declines later in the year, his basic standing does not change. His change of level later in the year only represents a superficial deterioration, rather than a fundamental shift on his level. In this way, Rosh Hashana is a time of tremendous opportunity to make long-lasting changes.
The Shem Mishmuel gives us a further insight into the power of Rosh Hashana. He writes that the events of the first Rosh Hashana have an eternal effect on that day through all of history. On the first Rosh Hashana, man was given a whole new level of existence through the soul that he was given. The soul is the driving force behind man's desire to constantly grow in stature and closeness to Hashem. Accordingly, on this day, there is an extra power for man to make a conscious decision to make huge leaps forward in his spiritual standing. With this understanding, he explains the gemara that tells us that Yosef HaTzaddik was released from the Egyptian prison on Rosh Hashana. The name of a person represents his essence. In that vein, Yosef's essence, based on his name, is to have a constant desire to grow in spirituality. Rachel Imanu gave him this name to represent her desire for more children, asking, "Hashem should add for me another son". This reaction seems somewhat difficult to understand - it appears analogous to when a parent gives a child a gift, the child asks for another one instead of thanking the parent ! However, in truth, it seems that Rachel’s desire for more children was not merely a desire for more in the realm of gashmius (physicality), rather it was a result of her great sheifa (aspiration) to strive in ruchnius (spirituality). For Rachel, having children meant playing a key role in the building of Klal Yisroel. Her request to have more children was a reflection of her own desire to merit to play a greater role in building Klal Yisroel. Thus it was not comparable to a child asking for another gift, rather it was more akin to one who has just completed a piece of learning asking Hashem to help him complete another one. That is not a sign of ingratitude, rather it is an expression of the person’s desire to grow more in ruchnius. In this way, the name Yosef represented the desire to constantly increase one's spirituality. The Shem Mishmuel writes that the essence of Yosef is identical to that of Rosh Hashana, in that both epitomize a burning ratson (will) to constantly strive in ruchnius. Therefore it was fitting that the pivotal event in enabling Yosef to achieve greatness, Yosef's release from prison, occurred on the day that is mesugal for greatness, Rosh Hashana.
These sources teach us the immense opportunity that is present on Rosh Hashana. The level that we attain on Rosh Hashana will have a tremendous effect on how the year to come will pan out. Accordingly, it is essential that a person strive to attain a high level on the days of Rosh Hashana. This concept is discussed in halacha. The Mishna Berurah writes that one should be particularly careful not to express any anger on these days. He explains that expressing positive character traits are a simun for a good year. Of course, it is not sufficient to merely act like a tzaddik on Rosh Hashana and return to one's old self the next day. Rather, a person must strive to make a permanent change in his outlook and attitudes on Rosh Hashana. Doing this will provide the foundation for a genuine improvement in one's Mitzvo observance. In this vein, the sefarim write that one is not merely judged on the number of mitzvos and aveiros that he has committed. His life aspirations and attitudes also come under scrutiny.
This perhaps helps understand why there is so much emphasis on tefilla on Rosh Hashana. For much of the day we sit in shul repeating the concept that Hashem is our King. Doing this is intended to help us internalize the recognition that closeness to Hashem is the only true source of meaning. The yetser hara can make a person have a somewhat negative attitude to the long prayers of Rosh Hashana. It can make him think more about going home, having lunch and sleeping, than making Hashem King. It is essential to recognize this nisayon and try to internalize the purpose and opportunity of the day. We have seen that Rosh Hashana is a time of unparalleled opportunity. The Shem MiShmuel points out that from the time that Yosef's release from prison on Rosh Hashana infused an extra power into that day of freeing oneself from his own personal prison - that is, whatever prevents him from being free to achieve his potential. May we all merit to achieve a great and long-lasting aliya on Rosh Hashana.
THE CHOICE OF LIFE OVER DEATH - NITZAVIM
See I have placed before you life and good, and death and evil ...I have placed life and death before you, blessing and curse; and you shall choose life so that you and your offspring will live .”
The Torah tells us that Hashem has given us a clear choice, the ability to choose life and good, or death and evil, and it is this choice that is the foundation of our capacity to serve Hashem effectively. However, there seems to be a difficulty with the choice outlined in the passuk; the Torah says that there are two pairs of choices, one between good and evil, and one between life and death. In giving us these options, it is evident that we have the ability and inclination to choose either direction. With regard to good and evil this dichotomy is easily understood; a person will find himself in many situations in life where there will be a strong temptation for him to choose what the Torah defines as ‘evil’, because at times the wrong choice seems to be the one that will provide happiness and satisfaction. Thus, the Torah tells us that we are constantly faced with a free will battle to choose good or evil. What is far more difficult to understand is that the Torah sees that there is a difficult ‘choice’ to be made between life and death, implying that a person has a realistic inclination to choose death over life. Surely, no-one will ever find it difficult to choose life over death, there is no temptation to choose death! Accordingly, why is the choice between life and death such a difficult one to make?
Rav Noach Weinberg zt”l explains that when the Torah talks about ‘death’ it does not simply mean the state of not being alive. The Torah is warning us against what death represents. In order to understand what death means we need to develop our understanding of it’s opposite, ‘life’. When the Torah talks about life it does not merely mean breathing, rather life is the process of growing in one’s Avodas Hashem and Avodas HaMidos. Being alive means directly facing the challenges that life presents and using them to become a bigger person. Accordingly, choosing ‘death’ can mean avoiding dealing with those challenges and opting to escape the difficult opportunities that one faces throughout his life. Death is the choice of comfort over effort, of an easy life over a life full of challenge and growth. With this understanding it is easy to comprehend how choosing ‘life’ over ‘death’ constitutes a very difficult choice.
It is important to note that choosing death is not limited to failure to observe the mitzvos. A person can observe the Torah and simultaneously choose ‘death’; if he is not striving to improve himself, and not fighting his yetser hara, then he is choosing the comfortable option that is akin to a form of ‘death‘. What is frightening is that a person may not be completely aware that he is making this choice and can live his life on ‘cruise control’. If he never really pushes himself to further develop his relationship with Hashem, to daven with more kavanna, to be a better husband or father and so on, then he is choosing the comfortable option.
On a slightly deeper level, the choice between comfort and challenge is, in fact the choice between associating with one’s body or soul. Life is a constant struggle between these two contradictory forces that pull us in opposite directions. The body wants to return to the Adama, from where it came; this manifests itself in a desire to lie down, rest, and experience enjoyable and ‘comfortable’ pleasures. In contrast, the soul wants to return to the Shamayim from where it originated. This pull is represented by a desire to expand and grow. Thus, each person is constantly faced with these conflicting forces pulling him in opposite directions. The Torah in this week’s parsha tells him that in order to succeed in his tafkid (life purpose) he must choose life.
On Rosh HaShana we are not judged for our performance of specific mitzvos, rather we face a Din on who we are as a whole - what are our sheifos, what is important to us, what are our goals? The choice between living an essentially comfortable life (even if it is done in a ‘frum’ way) and striving to reach one’s potential is an essential element of the Avoda of Rosh HaShana - it defines a great deal about what is important to us.
May we all be zocheh to attain the Torah’s understanding of Chaim.
The Torah tells us that Hashem has given us a clear choice, the ability to choose life and good, or death and evil, and it is this choice that is the foundation of our capacity to serve Hashem effectively. However, there seems to be a difficulty with the choice outlined in the passuk; the Torah says that there are two pairs of choices, one between good and evil, and one between life and death. In giving us these options, it is evident that we have the ability and inclination to choose either direction. With regard to good and evil this dichotomy is easily understood; a person will find himself in many situations in life where there will be a strong temptation for him to choose what the Torah defines as ‘evil’, because at times the wrong choice seems to be the one that will provide happiness and satisfaction. Thus, the Torah tells us that we are constantly faced with a free will battle to choose good or evil. What is far more difficult to understand is that the Torah sees that there is a difficult ‘choice’ to be made between life and death, implying that a person has a realistic inclination to choose death over life. Surely, no-one will ever find it difficult to choose life over death, there is no temptation to choose death! Accordingly, why is the choice between life and death such a difficult one to make?
Rav Noach Weinberg zt”l explains that when the Torah talks about ‘death’ it does not simply mean the state of not being alive. The Torah is warning us against what death represents. In order to understand what death means we need to develop our understanding of it’s opposite, ‘life’. When the Torah talks about life it does not merely mean breathing, rather life is the process of growing in one’s Avodas Hashem and Avodas HaMidos. Being alive means directly facing the challenges that life presents and using them to become a bigger person. Accordingly, choosing ‘death’ can mean avoiding dealing with those challenges and opting to escape the difficult opportunities that one faces throughout his life. Death is the choice of comfort over effort, of an easy life over a life full of challenge and growth. With this understanding it is easy to comprehend how choosing ‘life’ over ‘death’ constitutes a very difficult choice.
It is important to note that choosing death is not limited to failure to observe the mitzvos. A person can observe the Torah and simultaneously choose ‘death’; if he is not striving to improve himself, and not fighting his yetser hara, then he is choosing the comfortable option that is akin to a form of ‘death‘. What is frightening is that a person may not be completely aware that he is making this choice and can live his life on ‘cruise control’. If he never really pushes himself to further develop his relationship with Hashem, to daven with more kavanna, to be a better husband or father and so on, then he is choosing the comfortable option.
On a slightly deeper level, the choice between comfort and challenge is, in fact the choice between associating with one’s body or soul. Life is a constant struggle between these two contradictory forces that pull us in opposite directions. The body wants to return to the Adama, from where it came; this manifests itself in a desire to lie down, rest, and experience enjoyable and ‘comfortable’ pleasures. In contrast, the soul wants to return to the Shamayim from where it originated. This pull is represented by a desire to expand and grow. Thus, each person is constantly faced with these conflicting forces pulling him in opposite directions. The Torah in this week’s parsha tells him that in order to succeed in his tafkid (life purpose) he must choose life.
On Rosh HaShana we are not judged for our performance of specific mitzvos, rather we face a Din on who we are as a whole - what are our sheifos, what is important to us, what are our goals? The choice between living an essentially comfortable life (even if it is done in a ‘frum’ way) and striving to reach one’s potential is an essential element of the Avoda of Rosh HaShana - it defines a great deal about what is important to us.
May we all be zocheh to attain the Torah’s understanding of Chaim.
Sunday, September 5, 2010
THE DAY OF OPPORTUNITY - ROSH HASHANA
As we approach Rosh Hashana, it is important to understand why Rosh Hashana is such an important time. Furthermore, on a more practical level, it is essential that we are aware of our avoda during this time period. It is a great shame to experience Rosh Hashana without becoming a changed person.
Rav Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler zt"l provides us with some vital insights into Rosh Hashana. He begins by explaining that there are two different ways in which a person can change his spiritual standing. He describes them as bechira klalis and bechira pratis . Bechira pratis describes minor life changes, whereas bechira klalis refers to major shifts in one's level. Bechira pratis is the more common of the two. People generally change in small stages, gradually improving or deteriorating. However, there are times in a person's life when he faces a major decision and the results of that decision will have dramatic effects on the rest of his life. For example, a person beginning his studies of Yiddishkeit may face a decision as to whether he should continue his studies or look for a job without having strong foundations in his Judaism. This is a single decision, however, it will have great ramifications for his future spiritual standing. In a similar vein, there are certain time periods which are mesugal for bechira klalis - Rosh Hashana is one of these times .
Rav Dessler brings the Gemara that states that the g'zar din for a person's year is made on Rosh Hashana and that it is almost impossible for an individual to undo the judgment he received on Rosh Hashana . He asks why this is the case - if a person improves his actions later in the year, why is it so difficult for him to alter what was decreed on Rosh Hashana? He explains that there is a special power on Rosh Hashana. He writes: "The whole matter of the judgment of Rosh Hashana is that Hakadosh Baruch Hu created a unique time period in which a person is aroused to a form of teshuva more powerful than on the rest of the year. And since the arousing power of Rosh Hashana is so great, so too the change that a person can make in himself is very great." Accordingly, if a person reaches a high level on Rosh Hashana then he effects a deep and permanent change in himself. Even if he declines later in the year, his basic standing does not change. His change of level later in the year only represents a superficial deterioration, rather than a fundamental shift on his level. In this way, Rosh Hashana is a time of tremendous opportunity to make long-lasting changes.
The Shem Mishmuel gives us a further insight into the power of Rosh Hashana. He writes that the events of the first Rosh Hashana have an eternal effect on that day through all of history. On the first Rosh Hashana, man was given a whole new level of existence through the soul that he was given. The soul is the driving force behind man's desire to constantly grow in stature and closeness to Hashem. Accordingly, on this day, there is an extra power for man to make a conscious decision to make huge leaps forward in his spiritual standing. With this understanding, he explains the gemara that tells us that Yosef HaTzaddik was released from the Egyptian prison on Rosh Hashana. The name of a person represents his essence. In that vein, Yosef's essence, based on his name, is to have a constant desire to grow in spirituality. Rachel Imanu gave him this name to represent her desire for more children, asking, "Hashem should add for me another son". This reaction seems somewhat difficult to understand - it appears analogous to when a parent gives a child a gift, the child asks for another one instead of thanking the parent ! However, in truth, it seems that Rachel’s desire for more children was not merely a desire for more in the realm of gashmius (physicality), rather it was a result of her great sheifa (aspiration) to strive in ruchnius (spirituality). For Rachel, having children meant playing a key role in the building of Klal Yisroel. Her request to have more children was a reflection of her own desire to merit to play a greater role in building Klal Yisroel. Thus it was not comparable to a child asking for another gift, rather it was more akin to one who has just completed a piece of learning asking Hashem to help him complete another one. That is not a sign of ingratitude, rather it is an expression of the person’s desire to grow more in ruchnius. In this way, the name Yosef represented the desire to constantly increase one's spirituality. The Shem Mishmuel writes that the essence of Yosef is identical to that of Rosh Hashana, in that both epitomize a burning ratson (will) to constantly strive in ruchnius. Therefore it was fitting that the pivotal event in enabling Yosef to achieve greatness, Yosef's release from prison, occurred on the day that is mesugal for greatness, Rosh Hashana.
These sources teach us the immense opportunity that is present on Rosh Hashana. The level that we attain on Rosh Hashana will have a tremendous effect on how the year to come will pan out. Accordingly, it is essential that a person strive to attain a high level on the days of Rosh Hashana. This concept is discussed in halacha. The Mishna Berurah writes that one should be particularly careful not to express any anger on these days. He explains that expressing positive character traits are a simun for a good year. Of course, it is not sufficient to merely act like a tzaddik on Rosh Hashana and return to one's old self the next day. Rather, a person must strive to make a permanent change in his outlook and attitudes on Rosh Hashana. Doing this will provide the foundation for a genuine improvement in one's Mitzvo observance. In this vein, the sefarim write that one is not merely judged on the number of mitzvos and aveiros that he has committed. His life aspirations and attitudes also come under scrutiny.
This perhaps helps understand why there is so much emphasis on tefilla on Rosh Hashana. For much of the day we sit in shul repeating the concept that Hashem is our King. Doing this is intended to help us internalize the recognition that closeness to Hashem is the only true source of meaning. The yetser hara can make a person have a somewhat negative attitude to the long prayers of Rosh Hashana. It can make him think more about going home, having lunch and sleeping, than making Hashem King. It is essential to recognize this nisayon and try to internalize the purpose and opportunity of the day. We have seen that Rosh Hashana is a time of unparalleled opportunity. The Shem MiShmuel points out that from the time that Yosef's release from prison on Rosh Hashana infused an extra power into that day of freeing oneself from his own personal prison - that is, whatever prevents him from being free to achieve his potential. May we all merit to achieve a great and long-lasting aliya on Rosh Hashana.
Rav Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler zt"l provides us with some vital insights into Rosh Hashana. He begins by explaining that there are two different ways in which a person can change his spiritual standing. He describes them as bechira klalis and bechira pratis . Bechira pratis describes minor life changes, whereas bechira klalis refers to major shifts in one's level. Bechira pratis is the more common of the two. People generally change in small stages, gradually improving or deteriorating. However, there are times in a person's life when he faces a major decision and the results of that decision will have dramatic effects on the rest of his life. For example, a person beginning his studies of Yiddishkeit may face a decision as to whether he should continue his studies or look for a job without having strong foundations in his Judaism. This is a single decision, however, it will have great ramifications for his future spiritual standing. In a similar vein, there are certain time periods which are mesugal for bechira klalis - Rosh Hashana is one of these times .
Rav Dessler brings the Gemara that states that the g'zar din for a person's year is made on Rosh Hashana and that it is almost impossible for an individual to undo the judgment he received on Rosh Hashana . He asks why this is the case - if a person improves his actions later in the year, why is it so difficult for him to alter what was decreed on Rosh Hashana? He explains that there is a special power on Rosh Hashana. He writes: "The whole matter of the judgment of Rosh Hashana is that Hakadosh Baruch Hu created a unique time period in which a person is aroused to a form of teshuva more powerful than on the rest of the year. And since the arousing power of Rosh Hashana is so great, so too the change that a person can make in himself is very great." Accordingly, if a person reaches a high level on Rosh Hashana then he effects a deep and permanent change in himself. Even if he declines later in the year, his basic standing does not change. His change of level later in the year only represents a superficial deterioration, rather than a fundamental shift on his level. In this way, Rosh Hashana is a time of tremendous opportunity to make long-lasting changes.
The Shem Mishmuel gives us a further insight into the power of Rosh Hashana. He writes that the events of the first Rosh Hashana have an eternal effect on that day through all of history. On the first Rosh Hashana, man was given a whole new level of existence through the soul that he was given. The soul is the driving force behind man's desire to constantly grow in stature and closeness to Hashem. Accordingly, on this day, there is an extra power for man to make a conscious decision to make huge leaps forward in his spiritual standing. With this understanding, he explains the gemara that tells us that Yosef HaTzaddik was released from the Egyptian prison on Rosh Hashana. The name of a person represents his essence. In that vein, Yosef's essence, based on his name, is to have a constant desire to grow in spirituality. Rachel Imanu gave him this name to represent her desire for more children, asking, "Hashem should add for me another son". This reaction seems somewhat difficult to understand - it appears analogous to when a parent gives a child a gift, the child asks for another one instead of thanking the parent ! However, in truth, it seems that Rachel’s desire for more children was not merely a desire for more in the realm of gashmius (physicality), rather it was a result of her great sheifa (aspiration) to strive in ruchnius (spirituality). For Rachel, having children meant playing a key role in the building of Klal Yisroel. Her request to have more children was a reflection of her own desire to merit to play a greater role in building Klal Yisroel. Thus it was not comparable to a child asking for another gift, rather it was more akin to one who has just completed a piece of learning asking Hashem to help him complete another one. That is not a sign of ingratitude, rather it is an expression of the person’s desire to grow more in ruchnius. In this way, the name Yosef represented the desire to constantly increase one's spirituality. The Shem Mishmuel writes that the essence of Yosef is identical to that of Rosh Hashana, in that both epitomize a burning ratson (will) to constantly strive in ruchnius. Therefore it was fitting that the pivotal event in enabling Yosef to achieve greatness, Yosef's release from prison, occurred on the day that is mesugal for greatness, Rosh Hashana.
These sources teach us the immense opportunity that is present on Rosh Hashana. The level that we attain on Rosh Hashana will have a tremendous effect on how the year to come will pan out. Accordingly, it is essential that a person strive to attain a high level on the days of Rosh Hashana. This concept is discussed in halacha. The Mishna Berurah writes that one should be particularly careful not to express any anger on these days. He explains that expressing positive character traits are a simun for a good year. Of course, it is not sufficient to merely act like a tzaddik on Rosh Hashana and return to one's old self the next day. Rather, a person must strive to make a permanent change in his outlook and attitudes on Rosh Hashana. Doing this will provide the foundation for a genuine improvement in one's Mitzvo observance. In this vein, the sefarim write that one is not merely judged on the number of mitzvos and aveiros that he has committed. His life aspirations and attitudes also come under scrutiny.
This perhaps helps understand why there is so much emphasis on tefilla on Rosh Hashana. For much of the day we sit in shul repeating the concept that Hashem is our King. Doing this is intended to help us internalize the recognition that closeness to Hashem is the only true source of meaning. The yetser hara can make a person have a somewhat negative attitude to the long prayers of Rosh Hashana. It can make him think more about going home, having lunch and sleeping, than making Hashem King. It is essential to recognize this nisayon and try to internalize the purpose and opportunity of the day. We have seen that Rosh Hashana is a time of unparalleled opportunity. The Shem MiShmuel points out that from the time that Yosef's release from prison on Rosh Hashana infused an extra power into that day of freeing oneself from his own personal prison - that is, whatever prevents him from being free to achieve his potential. May we all merit to achieve a great and long-lasting aliya on Rosh Hashana.
Saturday, September 5, 2009
WHAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO US - ROSH HASHANA
We all know that the main Avoda of Rosh Hashana is to mamlich Hashem - to accept Him as King over us. But what does this mean? On one level it means to recognize that He is all-powerful and has total control over the world. But there is another very important aspect to being Mamlich Hashem. The Gra and Malbim note that with reference to non-Jews Hashem is called a Moshel, whereas with regard to Jews He is called a Melech. A Moshel is a dictator who has complete power but is not loved by his subjects because they perceive that he is not the source of good for them. The goyim see Hashem as a ruler who may be powerful but they would prefer that He not interfere with their lives.
In contrast, a Melech is a ruler who we accept with love over us because we recognize that He is the source of all goodness - the Jewish people are supposed to have this attitude to Hashem’s kingship. In order to properly mamlich Hashem we must recognize that He and He alone is the ONLY source of meaning and happiness. The antithesis of this is the negative mitzvo of not following after other gods. This is not limited to not worshipping idols, it also requires that we acknowledge that there is no other source of our well-being other than Hashem. If a person believes that there is any other factor in his life that is independently significant to his happiness then he transgresses the mitzvo of not following other gods. There are numerous possible ‘alternative’ sources to attributing our well-being, including money, physical pleasure, material attainment, honor, or even ourselves. A person can say he believes in G-d but if he acts as though any of these factors provide him with any happiness to the exclusion of Hashem, then he cannot properly make Hashem King.
The extent to which we recognize that doing ratson Hashem is the only key to success has a great effect on our shemiras hamitzvos, both avoidance of negative (lavim), and performance of positive mitzvos. With regards to lavim, my Rebbe, Rav Yitzchak Berkovits Shlita suggests that the shoresh of many aveiros is a belief that there are other ways of succeeding in life apart from keeping the Torah. For example, a person may be faced with the opportunity to gain financially by doing something which is halachically highly questionable; The outcome of his decision whether to do the issur or not may well be based on his emuna - if he really believes that Hashem is the only key to goodness then he will refrain from doing something that Hashem tells him not to do. But, if, deep down, he feels that there is another way, apart from shemiras hamitzvos, in which a person can succeed, such as cheating in financial areas, then he will likely succumb to the temptation. Another example is when a person is put in a situation where he could speak lashon hara, if he has a clear realization that doing so, will, ultimately cause him only pain, then he will not do so. But if, b’shaas maaseh he feels that telling over this piece of gossip will give him pleasure, then he will do so. Of course, a person may not be consciously making such cheshbonos, but deep down they are probably the root of the rationalizations that a person makes when he sins. The more a person can mamlich Hashem, that is, to recognize that He is the ONLY source of happiness, then he will be more successful in his avoidance of doing aveiros because he will recognize that doing them would ultimately not provide him with any real happiness.
The same concept applies for performance of positive mitzvos: it is discussed by Rav Chaim Shmuelevitz zt”l. He asks; the Gemara states that there is no reward for mitzvos in Olam Hazeh - this means that a spiritual act such as a mitzvo cannot be sufficiently rewarded by anything in Olam Hazeh. Yet, Chazal also teach us that reshaim receive the reward for their mitzvos in Olam Hazeh - how can they be satisfactorily rewarded by this-worldly pleasures? He answers that the reward a person receives for a mitzvo is no more than the value he himself attributes to that mitzvo. Therefore, a rasha, who sees physical pleasures as the source of his fulfillment will be rewarded with just that for his mitzvos. When the Gemara says that there is no reward in this world, it means that a mitzvo done by a person who has an appreciation of the spiritual pleasures cannot be rewarded with the transitory pleasures of this world.
Based on this, we can gain a greater understanding of the importance on Rosh Hashana of recognizing that Hashem is the only source of true happiness: We are judged on this day according to how many mitzvos we have fulfilled against the number of aveiros that we have committed. However, the Rambam in Hilchos Teshuva writes that each mitzvo has a different potency based on a number of factors, one of the most important being the intentions behind the mitzvo. If a person’s aspirations are largely for this-worldly pleasures then this will surely effect his shemiras hamitzvos; There will be occasions where he will refrain from performing a mitzvo in order to satisfy his desires. Rav Shmuelevitz gives the example of a ben Torah stopping learning in order to earn some money. He is demonstrating that the mitzvo of Talmud Torah is worth less than the amount of money he could gain. Thus, even when he does perform the mitzvo, it is tainted by his underlying attitude that it is worth less than other forms of pleasure such as gaining money. The alarming consequence of this is that the reward he will receive for his mitzvos will only be equal to the value that he himself ascribed to the mitzvo. Thus, it is also apparent in our performance of positive mitzvos, that the extent to which we acknowledge that only Hashem is the source of goodness and that doing His ratson is the only way to succeed in life, bears a great effect on how we emerge from the din of Rosh Hashana.
We spend much of Rosh Hashana in tefilla - those tefillas repeatedly emphasize how Hashem is our King. When we say these words again and again on the day, let us remember what they mean: that Hashem is a loving King who is the source of all good, if we can internalise that then we can emerge from Rosh Hashana triumphant.
Kesiva v’chasima tova.
Monday, August 31, 2009
THE CHOICE BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH
As we approach Rosh HaShana, it is essential for us to gain clarity as to our underlying attitudes in life. These hold the key to improving our Avodas Hashem. In Parshas Nitzavim, the Torah tells us: “See I have placed before you life and good, and death and evil...I have placed life and death before you, blessing and curse; and you shall choose life so that you and your offspring will live.”
The Torah tells us that Hashem has given us a clear choice, the ability to choose life and good, or death and evil, and it is this choice that is the foundation of our capacity to serve Hashem effectively. However, there seems to be a difficulty with the choice outlined in the passuk; the Torah says that there are two pairs of choices, one between good and evil, and one between life and death. In giving us these options, it is evident that we have the ability and inclination to choose either direction. With regard to good and evil this dichotomy is easily understood; a person will find himself in many situations in life where there will be a strong temptation for him to choose what the Torah defines as ‘evil’, because at times the wrong choice seems to be the one that will provide happiness and satisfaction. Thus, the Torah tells us that we are constantly faced with a free will battle to choose good or evil. What is far more difficult to understand is that the Torah sees that there is a difficult ‘choice’ to be made between life and death, implying that a person has a realistic inclination to choose death over life. Surely, no-one will ever find it difficult to choose life over death, there is no temptation to choose death! Accordingly, why is the choice between life and death such a difficult one to make?
Rav Noach Weinberg zt"l explains that when the Torah talks about ‘death’ it does not simply mean the state of not being alive. The Torah is warning us against what death represents. In order to understand what death means we need to develop our understanding of it’s opposite, ‘life’. When the Torah talks about life it does not merely mean breathing, rather life is the process of growing in one’s Avodas Hashem and Avodas HaMidos. Being alive means directly facing the challenges that life presents and using them to become a bigger person. Accordingly, choosing ‘death’ can mean avoiding dealing with those challenges and opting to escape the difficult opportunities that one faces throughout his life. Death is the choice of comfort over effort, of an easy life over a life full of challenge and growth. With this understanding it is easy to comprehend how choosing ‘life’ over ‘death’ constitutes a very difficult choice.
It is important to note that choosing death is not limited to failure to observe the mitzvos. A person can observe the Torah and simultaneously choose ‘death’; if he is not striving to improve himself, and not fighting his yetser hara, then he is choosing the comfortable option that is akin to a form of ‘death‘. What is frightening is that a person may not be completely aware that he is making this choice and can live his life on ‘cruise control’. If he never really pushes himself to further develop his relationship with Hashem, to daven with more kavanna, to improve his character traits, to be a better husband or father and so on, then he is choosing the comfortable option.
On a slightly deeper level, the choice between comfort and challenge is, in fact the choice between associating with one’s body or soul. Life is a constant struggle between these two contradictory forces that pull us in opposite directions. The body wants to return to the Adama (ground), from where it came; this manifests itself in a desire to lie down, rest, and experience enjoyable and ‘comfortable’ pleasures. In contrast, the soul wants to return to the Shamayim (heaven) from where it originated. This pull is represented by a desire to expand and grow. Thus, each person is constantly faced with these conflicting forces pulling him in opposite directions. The Torah in this week’s parsha tells him that in order to succeed in his tafkid (life purpose) he must choose life.
On Rosh HaShana we are not judged for our performance of specific mitzvos, rather we face a Din on who we are as a whole - what are our sheifos, what is important to us, what are our goals? The choice between living an essentially comfortable life (even if it is done in a ‘frum’ way) and striving to reach one’s potential is an essential element of the Avoda of Rosh HaShana - it defines a great deal about what is important to us.
May we all be zocheh to attain the Torah’s understanding of Chaim.
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